Elmax is a high-chromium, high-vanadium, high-molybdenum powder metallurgy stainless steel produced by Böhler-Uddeholm. It is widely regarded as one of the best "all-around" premium steels because it refuses to compromise on toughness despite its high hardness.
Key Characteristics
The "Tough" Super Steel: While many super steels (like M390) can be "chippy" if they hit a hard object, Elmax is famous for its lateral strength. It is much more resistant to chipping and rolling, making it a favorite for hard-use outdoor knives.
Excellent Edge Retention: It holds a sharp edge for a very long time, sitting comfortably in the same league as S35VN and M390. It is a true "set it and forget it" steel for daily cutting.
Extreme Corrosion Resistance: With 18% Chromium, it is highly stainless. It is very reliable for hunting, fishing, and food preparation where exposure to moisture is constant.
Super-Fine Grain Structure: Because it is a third-generation powder steel, the carbides are incredibly small and evenly distributed. This allows it to take a very keen, razor-sharp edge that is easier to maintain than more brittle alloys.
Hardness: It is typically heat-treated to 60–62 HRC.
Chemical Composition
Carbon (C): 1.70% (Very high for hardness and wear resistance)
Chromium (Cr): 18.00% (Provides elite rust resistance)
Vanadium (V): 3.00% (For long-lasting edge retention)
Molybdenum (Mo): 1.00% (Increases toughness)
Silicon (Si): 0.80%
Common Applications
Premium EDC & Tactical Folders: A signature steel for Microtech (especially their Ultratech OTFs) and frequently used by Zero Tolerance and GiantMouse.
High-End Hunting Knives: Perfect for field dressing where the blade might hit bone but needs to stay sharp and rust-free.
Survival Fixed Blades: One of the few stainless steels trusted for heavy-duty bushcraft.
Elmax vs. M390
Elmax is the winner if you prioritize toughness and resistance to chipping.
M390 is the winner if you prioritize pure edge retention and a higher mirror polish.