CPM-154 is a premium powder metallurgy steel, while 8Cr13MoV is a budget-grade ingot steel. The differences in performance and care are significant.
Wear Resistance
CPM-154: Offers superior wear resistance. Because it is produced via powder metallurgy, the carbides are fine and evenly distributed, allowing it to hold a sharp edge significantly longer than budget steels.
8Cr13MoV: Offers moderate wear resistance. It is a capable "entry-level" steel, but its edge will dull much faster when cutting abrasive materials like cardboard or rope.
Maintenance Differences
Sharpening: 8Cr13MoV is much easier to sharpen. It can be brought back to a razor edge quickly using basic sharpening stones or pull-through sharpeners. CPM-154 is harder and more wear-resistant, so it takes more time and better quality abrasives (like ceramic or diamond) to sharpen.
Corrosion Resistance: CPM-154 has higher chromium content and a cleaner composition, making it much more resistant to rust and pitting. 8Cr13MoV is stainless but prone to "pepper spotting" if left wet or used in humid environments without regular cleaning.
Toughness: CPM-154 is tougher and less likely to chip at higher hardness levels compared to 8Cr13MoV, which tends to roll its edge under stress.
Summary: Use CPM-154 for a high-end tool that stays sharp for a long time. Use 8Cr13MoV for a budget knife that is easy to maintain and sharpen frequently.